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MATRIXTreatment Model Commission on Alternatives to Incarceration June 20, 2006 North Dakota Treatment Admission Data * Department of Human Services In 2003, an estimated 19.5 million Americans, or 8.2 percent of the population aged 12 or older, were current illicit drug users. Sources: 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), SAMHSA Source: TEDS data Methamphetamine Methamphetamine is a powerful central nervous system stimulant that strongly activates multiple systems in the brain. Methamphetamine is closely related chemically to amphetamine, but the central nervous system effects of methamphetamine are greater. MethamphetamineHistory 1887 1919 1932 Amphetamine developed Methamphetamine developed Amphetamine methamphetamine used as decongestant MethamphetamineHistory, continued WW II Extensive use by: - RAF fighter pilots - German Panzer troops - Japanese workers - Led to Kamikaze fever Methamphetamines FACTORS Base is legal Easy to make Large market Many IV users Law enforcement Child Welfare Rural areas The Eastward Spread of Methamphetamine Figure 1. Methamphetamine/Amphetamine Treatment Admission Rate per 100,000 Population Aged 12 or Older: 1992-2002 Figure 1Primary substance of abuse at admission:TEDS 1993-2003 United States Treatment Episode Data Set North Dakota Treatment Episode Data Set Self-Reported Reasons for Starting Methamphetamine Use Meth and Women: Typical gender ratio of heroin users in treatment : 3 men to 1 woman Typical gender ratio of cocaine users in treatment : 2 men to 1 woman Typical gender ratio of methamphetamine users in treatment : 1 man to 1 woman * *among large clinical research populations 53.1% 39% Female 46.9% 61% Male Methamphetamine/ Amphetamine Primary Substance All Primary Substances Figure 2 indicates alcohol, followed by marijuana, methamphetamines and amphetamines as the top four substances used in calendar years 2001 – 2004. F