非谓语动词语法讲解.ppt

* 高中英语非谓语动词讲解 一.概述： 　1.定义： 在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词, 叫做非谓语动词. 2.非谓语动词形式： 1）不定式（to do) 2）动名词（doing）； 3）分词：现在分词（doing）；过去分词（done）. 3.三种形式的含义（基本用法） 1）不定式：表示目的和将来 2）动词ing：表示主动和进行 3）过去分词：表示被动和完成 二．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有： （1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用： 　　They built a garden. They suggested building a garden. （2）都可以被状语修饰： 　　The suit fits him very well. 　　The suit used to fit him very well. （3）都有主动与被动,“体”式（一般式/进行式/完成式)的变化. 　　He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态） 　　He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式） 　　We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时） 　　Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式） （4）都可以有逻辑主语 　　They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语） 　　The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语） 　　We are League members.（谓语动词的主语） 　　We being League member, the work was well done.(现在分词的逻辑主语） 三、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有： （1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词）,在句中做主语、宾语、表语. （2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词）,在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语. （3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词）,在句中作状语. 四、非谓语动词的复合结构 (1)不定式的复合结构：it is for / of sb. to do sth. eg. 1)It is important for you to learn English well. 2) It is wise of you to learn English well. 　　(2)动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing) eg. 1) I appreciated Jims helping my English. 2) His passing the National Entrance Examination makes his parents happy. 3)Smiths being late made his teacher angry. 4)Do you mind me oping the window in the morning? 五、非谓语动词的否定形式 在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do/doing/done 　　 六、非谓语动词的做题步骤 1.判定是否用非谓语形式.方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了 walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 2.找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。 Seeing Tom, I couldnt help thinking of his brother. 3.判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty. 4.判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作先于谓语发生常用 完成式having done的形式; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing. 1)When crossing