利用ANSYS有限元软件对蒸压釜齿啮式快开结构研究-毕业论文.doc

摘 要 齿啮式快开压力容器具有启闭快、承压能力强、适用压力范围广等优点，被广泛地应用在化工、石油、食品、医疗等工业领域中。其工作原理是在齿啮式快开装置的圆周方向加工出均布的齿，通过齿间的啮合和错开，达到快速启闭的目的，轴向力由釜体法兰来承担，由齿与齿之间的接触面来传递，是一个典型的接触问题，应力和变形的精确计算相当复杂。同时，由于容器多为半间歇操作，频繁的开、停工及压力波动使得容器中应力随时间呈周期性变化，这对容器抗疲劳性能提出了较高的要求。 在工作压力下，齿啮式快开压力容器的齿与齿之间的接触面不仅相互挤压而且相对滑动，接触状态随着加载过程而变化，接触面上的应力难以事先确定。因此，针对国内缺少对整体卡箍齿啮式快开结构研究的问题，以ANSYS软件为主要工作平台，建立整体卡箍齿啮式快开结构的三维模型，根据实际工况对其约束与载荷作了有效处理，针对不同内压作用下的齿啮式快开结构进行有限元分析，得到应力分布规律，确定危险截面，针对危险路径进行线性化处理，依据JB4732-1995《钢制压力容器—分析设计标准》进行强度评定。 针对不同啮合度下的齿啮式快开结构进行了有限元分析，分三种情况，分别是周向、径向、周向与径向组合，得出了允许的啮合错动量。通过疲劳强度分析，对疲劳寿命进行预测。现场操作中通常对釜体齿根处的裂纹损伤进行打磨修复，使釜体齿根处呈现不同的圆角尺寸和凹陷尺寸，针对这些结构进行有限元分析，得出应力分布规律，确定允许的打磨量，这对提高齿啮式快开压力容器设计及制造的可靠性、经济性提供了重要的参考依据。 关键词：齿啮式快开结构；有限元；接触分析；疲劳分析；应力线性化处理 Abstract Tooth-locked quick opening pressure vessel with opening and closing fast, strong bearing capacity, wide applicability, etc. is widely used in petroleum, chemical, food, medical and other industrial fields. The working principle is the circumferential direction is processed in the teeth of the tooth-locked quick closure device. Through the teeth meshing and staggered, the rapid opening and closing is obtained. the axial force is borne by the kettle body flange, by the contact surface between the teeth and teeth to transfer, which is a typical contact problem, the stress and deformation of the accurate calculation is very complicated. At the same time,beacause the semi-batch operation,frequently opening, shuting down the stress and pressure fluctuation change periodically with time in the vessel ,it puts forward higher requirements for fatigue performance. Therefore,aiming at the lack of overall clamp tooth locked quick open structure of the problem,by using ANSYS software as the main working platform, the establishment of the overall card hoop of tooth locked quick open structure of 3D model,according to the actual working condition of the constraint and load for the effective treatment,according to the different pressure under the action of tooth locked quick open structure fi