3粒子W态Splitting quantum information.pdf

PHYSICAL REVIEW A 74, 054303 2006 Splitting quantum information via W states Shi-Biao Zheng* Department of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China Received 5 September 2006; published 28 November 2006 We describe a procedure for splitting quantum information into two or more parts so that if and only if the recipients cooperate, the original qubit can be reconstructed. Our scheme uses W-type entangled states as the quantum channel and thus the scheme is robust against decoherence. We illustrate the procedure in the ion-trap system, but the idea can also be realized in other systems. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.054303 PACS numbers: 03.67.Mn Entanglement, one of the most striking features of quan- The number of required qubits is smaller than that in the tum mechanics, not only provides possibilities for testing scheme of Ref. 6. quantum mechanics against local hidden-variable theories, We assume that Alice possesses a qubit, which is in an but also has many practical applications in quantum informa- unknown state tion processing. One well-known example is teleportation = 0 + 1 . 1 1. In teleportation the sender Alice and the receiver Bob 1 1 1 initially share a maximally entangled state of two particles. Alice, Bob, and Charie share an entangled state of the W Alice then performs a joint