第三章 人类传播的符号与意义(国外英文资料).docVIP

第三章 人类传播的符号与意义(国外英文资料) The third chapter is about the symbols and meanings of human communication Teaching purpose: this chapter focuses on the concepts and characteristics of signals and symbols, and the important role of signals and symbols in human communication. By teaching students to understand symbols, signals in human communication significance, communication, etc., and guide students to learn in the dissemination of information, the use of signals and symbols to develop their symbolic significance. , Section 1 the role of signs in human communication Definition of a symbol Symbol is the external form or material carrier of information, and it is an essential element in the process of information expression and communication. Two signals and symbols (1) the distinction between signals and symbols The signal is with physical properties, and the symbol is the human semantic properties (German scholar E. Cassirer). The signal is a substitute for the objects, and the symbol is the carrier of the image object (S.K. langell). (1) the nature and characteristics of signals; The 1. signal has a natural causality between the object and the object it represents. (in this sense, all natural signs are signals.). A usually one to one fixed relationship between 2. signals and their indicated objects. (two) the nature and character of a symbol 1. symbols must be artificial symbols, and they are the creation of human society. 2. symbols not only represent concrete things, but also express abstract things like ideas, ideas, etc.. 3. symbols are not inherited, but inherited through tradition and learning. 4. symbols are freely created, that is to say, symbolic symbols do not necessarily relate to objects they substitute for, and their relations are arbitrary. Three language symbols and nonverbal symbols Man has the most complete symbolic system. The human symbol system includes signals as well as symbols. Nonverbal symbols can be broadly divided into the following types: The f