狂犬病病毒简介及致病机理介绍.doc

课 程： 分子免疫学 题 目：狂犬病病毒简介及致病机理 学 院： 生命科学学院 姓 名： 朴佳芳 学 号： 2016226012 2016年 11月25日 狂犬病病毒简介及致病机理 摘要 狂犬病又称恐水症，为狂犬病病毒引起的一种人畜共患的中枢神经系统急性传染病。多见于狗、狼、猫等食肉动物。人多因被病兽咬伤而感染。临床表现为特有的狂躁、恐惧不安、怕风恐水、流涎和咽肌痉挛，终至发生瘫痪而危及生命为一种古老的侵害中枢神经系统、可引起严重脑脊髓炎的烈性人畜传染病，一旦发病，病死率几乎为100％。我国是狂犬病高发国家，每年的狂犬病病例数仅次于印度，居世界第二位。狂犬病由狂犬病病毒属病毒引起，其中作为代表种的RV是引起狂犬病的主要病因。近年来，随着分子生物学的发展和研究手段的进步，人们对于Rv的结构、基因功能等有了深入的认识，为狂犬病疫苗的研制和改造积累了丰富的资料和理论依据。本文结合狂犬病和Rv最新的研究进展，对糖蛋白、细胞凋亡、感染与免疫、复制和转录等致病机理及Rv及宿主细胞对病毒感染应答方面等方面作一综述。Abstract Rabies, also known as fear of water, for the rabies virus caused by a zoonotic acute infection of the central nervous system. More common in dogs, wolves, cats and other carnivores. Many people infected by the disease beast bites. Clinical manifestations of the unique manic, fear of fear, fear of the wind fear of water, salivation and pharyngeal muscle cramps, and finally paralyzed and endanger life as an ancient violation of the central nervous system, can cause severe encephalomyelitis of violent human and animal infectious diseases, Once the disease, the mortality rate is almost 100%.China is a high incidence of rabies countries, the number of rabies cases each year after India, ranking second in the world. Rabies is caused by a rabies virus, in which RV as a representative species is the main cause of rabies. In recent years, with the development of molecular biology and the progress of research methods, people have a deep understanding of the structure and gene function of Rv, and accumulated rich data and theoretical basis for the development and transformation of rabies vaccine. In this paper, we reviewed the recent advances in rabies and Rv, and reviewed the pathogenesis of Rv and host cells, such as glycoprotein, apoptosis, infection and immunity, replication and transcription, and the response to virus infection. Keywords: Rabies Rabies virus Pathogenic Infection目 录 摘要 1 一、狂犬病病毒的介绍和分类 3 二、狂犬病毒的特征和传染情况 4 （一） 传染源 5 （二） 传播途径 5 （三） 传播对象 5