金属冶炼(国外英文资料).docVIP

金属冶炼(国外英文资料)The smelting of metal smelting metal: the metal from the chemical to the wandering state. Common smelting method: carbon monoxide hydrogen and other reducer and metal oxide react at high temperature.The principle of smeltingReduction method: metal oxide (hot) with reducing agent -- - 2 free metal displacement method: metal salt solution (add lively metal) -- - free metal smelting method (Pyrometallurgy) is also known as dry the metallurgy, the ore and the necessary additives with heated to high temperature in the furnace, melting into liquid, generate the chemical reaction, so as to separate the thick metal, then coarse metal refining. Wet metallurgy (Hydrometallurgy) Hydrometallurgy the metallurgical process is to use aqueous solution of acid, alkali, salt, chemically extracted from ore required metal components, and then use the electrolytic aqueous solution, etc. Various methods for making metal. This method is mainly used in low-standard, difficult melting, or micropowder. Today, 75 percent of the worlds zinc and cadmium are made from roasting - immersion - aqueous electrolysis. This approach has largely taken the place of the past fire smelting zinc. Other metals such as nickel and cobalt is difficult to separate, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, niobium and rare earth metals are using hydrometallurgy technology such as solvent extraction or new methods such as ion exchange separation and achieved significant effect.Common metal smelting equationMercury: thermal decomposition: 2 hgo = = 2 hg + O2 (gas) copper: displacement method: CuSO4 + Fe = = Cu + FeSO4 (also called wet copper smelting) : aluminum electrolysis method: 2 energized al2o3 = = 4 al + 3 O2 (note cannot use AlCl3, because AlCl3 not ionic compounds) magnesium: electrolytic method: MgCl2 (l) = = = = energizing Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) : write sodium electrolysis method: 2 energized NaCl = = 2 Na + K Cl2: principle is a high boiling point metal low boiling point metals: Na + KCl = = K + NaCl (reac