Gene X pt(Gene10 基因十)--Chapter23.pptVIP

23.2 Group I Introns Undertake Self-Splicing by Transesterification The only factors required for autosplicing (or self-splicing) in vitro by group I introns are two metal ions and a guanosine nucleotide. 23.2 Group I Introns Undertake Self-Splicing by Transesterification Splicing occurs by two transesterifications, without requiring input of energy. 23.2 Group I Introns Undertake Self-Splicing by Transesterification The 3′–OH end of the guanosine cofactor attacks the 5′ end of the intron in the first transesterification. The 3′–OH end generated at the end of the first exon attacks the junction between the intron and second exon in the second transesterification. The intron is released as a linear molecule that circularizes when its 3′–OH terminus attacks a bond at one of two internal positions. 23.2 Group I Introns Undertake Self-Splicing by Transesterification In Tetrahymena, an internal bond of the excised intron can also be attacked by other nucleotides in a trans-splicing region. 23.3 Group I Introns Form a Characteristic Secondary Structure Group I introns form a secondary structure with nine duplex regions. The cores of regions P3, P4, P6, and P7 have catalytic activity. 23.3 Group I Introns Form a Characteristic Secondary Structure Regions P4 and P7 are both formed by pairing between conserved consensus sequences. A sequence adjacent to P7 base pairs with the sequence that contains the reactive G. 23.4 Ribozymes Have Various Catalytic Activities By changing the substrate binding-site of a group I intron, it is possible to introduce alternative sequences that interact with the reactive G. 23.4 Ribozymes Have Various Catalytic Activities The reactions follow classical enzyme kinetics with a low catalytic rate. Reactions using 2′–OH bonds could have been the basis for evolving the original catalytic activities in RNA. 23.4 Ribozymes Have Various Catalytic Activities riboswitch – A catalytic RNA whose activity responds to a small ligand. 23