【2017年整理】航空与发动机专业英语之空气动力学.ppt

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Aeronautics What is Aeronautics? Aeronautics Versus Aerospace Before there can be a discussion about aeronautics, it must be defined a bit better. Aeronautics is the science of designing an airplane or other flying machine, There are four basic subjects that aeronautical engineers must understand. Aeronautic 航空 Aerospace 航天 Versus 比较，对抗 Tail 尾翼 Aerodynamic 空气动力学 Spin　旋转 Propeller 螺旋桨 Fall apart 分离，分解，崩溃 Aircraft carrier 航空母舰 1.How to shape the airplane and its wing and tail so that it slips easily through the air and can lift itself off the ground. This is called aerodynamics. 2. How to control the airplane so that it will be able to turn but not spin out of control. This is called stability and control. 3. How to build an engine (be it jet or propeller) so that the airplane can push its way through the air. This is called propulsion. How to build the airplane so that it won’t fall apart when it hits a gust of wind or slams down on an aircraft carrier. This is called structures. Aeronautical engineering should not be confused with aerospace engineering, which deals with things such as rockets and satellites. While rockets must ascend through the atmosphere, they must also navigate through space where there is no air. Their designs and engines have very different requirements than those of airplanes. How Air Moves-AerodynamicsHow Air and other Gases Move-Aerodynamics Aerodynamics is the study of forces (more pushes and pulls) acting on an object because air or another gas is moving around it. These forces are important for the design of airplanes, sailboats, cars, and other objects moving quickly through the air. Buildings, bridges, and windmills are also affected by the wind moving past them, and they also experience aerodynamic forces. The bulk of the sections in this chapter are devoted to understanding the motions of air around objects. When these motions are defined and measured, they contribute to the calculation