合词法.docVIP

合词法 B. 合词法 composition or compounding 二个或二个以上的词合成一个新词, 这种方法合成的词叫复合词汇(compounding word), 复合词的构成比较灵活,机动, 善变, 复合词的构成材料多半由基本词汇构成. 在现代英语的新词汇当中, 由这种方法构成的复合词占最多. In the new vocabulary of modern English, the largest number of new words are formed by compounding. 合词法主要有三种: 1. noun compounds (复合名词) 2. Adjective compounds 复合形容词 3. Verb compounds 复合动词 1. noun compounds (复合名词) It is classified into six subclasses according to the syntactic relations of the compounding elements: (复合名词根据语法关系分六个小类) a. subject and verb (主谓结构) ; b. verb and object (动宾结构); c. verb and adverbial (动词+副词结构) ; d. subject and object (主语+宾语结构); e. restrictive relation (限定性关系); f. appositive relation. (同位语关系) a. subject and verb: (主谓结构) headache (=the head aches ) stomach ache heartbeat (=the heart beats) sore throat (=the throat is sore) earthquake b. verb and object 动宾结构 pickpocket (=to pick pocket) birth control (=to control birth) housekeeping (=to keep house ) dressmaking (= to make dresses ) groundbreaking sightseeing ( = to see sights) (the type housekeeping and dressmaking is very productive) c. Verb and adverbial (动词+副词结构) daydreaming (= to dreams during the day) swimming pool (to swim in the pool) drinking cup (drink out of a cup) typing paper (to type on the paper) nearsighted, short-sighted d. subject and object (主语+宾语结构) steamboat (steam powers the boat) gaslight (the gas produces light) honeybee (the bee produce honey) e. restrictive relation (限定性关系)( the first element restrict the meaning of the second ) raindrop (a drop of rain) moonwalk (a walk on the moon) evening school (a school in the evening) table cloth (a cloth for the table) lunch time (time for lunch) ashtray (a tray for ash) bathroom (a room for bath ) hot line unit price cruise missile obese disease honeymoon f. appositive relation (同位语关系) ( the first element is apposition to the second one ) a peasant girl (the girl is a peasant) a pine tree (the tree is a pine) catfish 2. Adjec