中考物理必备常识(国外英文资料).doc

中考物理必备常识(国外英文资料) Remember the constants The light (electromagnetic wave) travels fastest in a vacuum, c = 3 times 105Km/s = 3 times 108m/s. Light travels more slowly in other transparent substances than in air 2.15 ℃ air velocity: 340 m/s, vibration and sound propagation need medium, sound can not spread in the vacuum. The average sound travels the fastest in solids, the second in the liquid, the slowest in the gas. Water density: 1.0 x 103Kg/m3 = 1g/cm3 = 1.0 Kg/dm3. 1 the boiling point of water under normal atmospheric pressure: 100 ℃, the melting point of ice O ℃, The heat capacity of the water 4.2 x 103 j/(Kg · ℃). G = 9.8 N/Kg A standard atmospheric pressure = 76cmHg = = 760mmHg = 1.01 x 105Pa = 10.3 m high water column. Several voltages: 1 dry battery 1.5 V, a lead battery 2V. Lighting circuit voltage 220V, safe voltage not above 36V. 7.1 degrees = 1 kilowatt hour (KWH) = 3.6 x 106J. Electric light, television, refrigerator, and electric fan. Common high-power appliances: air conditioning, induction furnace, electric rice fort, microwave oven, electric soldering iron. The international unit of physical quantity Length (L/s) : m (m) time (t) : SEC (s) area (s) : m (m2) volume (V) : 2 meter (m3) speed (V) : 3 meters per second (m/s), temperature (t) : degrees Celsius (℃) (this is a common unit) quality (m) : kilogram (Kg) density (rho) : 3 Kg/m (Kg/m3). Force (F) : Newton (N) work (energy, electric power, electricity) (W) : the joule (J) (electrical) power (P) : watt (W) pressure (P) : PASCAL (Pa) mechanical efficiency (eta) heat (electric) (Q) : the joule (J) the specific heat (c) : mj/Kg degrees Celsius (J/Kg ℃) calorific value (Q) : J/Kg or J/m3 Current (I) : ampere (A) voltage (U) : V (V) resistance (R) : ohm (Ω). Unit conversion 1nm is 10 minus 9m, 1mm is 10 minus 3m, 1cm = 10-2m; 1dm = 0.1 m, 1Km = 103m, 1h = 3600s, 1min = 60, 1Kwh = 3.6 times 106J. 1Km/h = 5/18m/s = 1/3.6 m/s, 1g/cm3 = 103Kg/m3, 1cm2 = 10-4m2, 1cm3 = 1mL = 10-6m3, 1dm3 = 1L = 10-3m3, Crow