英语专业常用词汇辨析52组动词短语.doc

英语专四常见词辨析 abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up 这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意 abandon ：强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的 eg:1. Jackson has abandoned his old car. 杰克逊把他那辆旧车扔了。 2. She abandoned her husband and children and went off with another man. 她抛弃了自己的丈夫和孩子, 跟另外一个男人跑了。 desert ：着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。 eg: 1. Many soldiers deserted during the battle. 在那次战斗中许多士兵开小差了。 2. Never desert a friend in need. 绝不要抛弃有困难的朋友。 forsake ：侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。 eg: He was forsaken by his friends. 他被朋友们背弃了。 leave ：普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同一某人的关系，但不涉及动机与果。 eg: I have left my job which made me crazy. 我已经辞掉了那份让我抓狂的工作了。 give up ：普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。 eg: The doctors gave my uncle up, but he lived. 医生们认为我叔叔的病无法治好，但他却活了下来 英语专四常见词辨析二 ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitudeeg: 1. The ability to use a language can be acquired by the act of using the language. 运用语言的能力只能通过不断练习才能获得。 2. His ability is limited. 他的能力有限。 capacity ：侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。 eg: 1.Their reasoning capacity must be developed. 他们的推理能力必须加以培养。 2. His capacity of accepting knowledge helps him to be the top student in his class. 他接受知识的能力使得他成为班里的第一名。 capability ：多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与of或for连用。 eg: 1. Not by age but by capacity is wisdom acquired. 智慧的获得是依靠才能而不是年龄。 2. The little girl has great capability as a singer and should be trained. 这个小女孩很有当歌手的才能,应该加以训练。 genius: 语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。 eg: 1. Mozart showed genius even at the age of six, when he began to compose minuets. 莫扎特六岁时就开始创作小步舞曲, 展露才华。 2. Einstein was a mathematical genius. 爱因斯坦是数学天才。 talent: 着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。 eg: 1. He was a man of many talents. 他是一个多才多艺的人。 2. There was a lot of talent in this company. 这个公司有很多人才。 competence: 正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。 eg: We knew her competence in solving