宁波大学土木业英语复习题.doc

单词 动力荷载 dynamic load 应力响应 stress response 疲劳破坏 fatigue breakdown 中性面 neutral surface 净拉应力 net tension stress 公共交通 mass transit 临界截面 critical section 土木工程 civil engineering 横向分布系数 horizontal distribution 不均匀沉降 differential settlement 有效长度 effective length 两端铰接 two hinged 钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete 预应力混凝土 prestressed concrete 轴心荷载 axis load 高层建筑 high-rise building 板的挠度 deflection of plate 框架结构 frame construction 结构简图 structure simplified 高架路 elevated road Stiff joint 刚性节点 soil stabilization 土壤稳定性 Cantilever beam 悬臂梁 cable-stayed bridge 斜拉桥 Rigid frame 刚性框架 truss single element 单个桁架单元 Construction diagram 构造图 stress and strain 应力与应变 Compressive strength 抗压强度 statically indeterminate structure 超净顶结构 句子 建筑结构中的基本构件是因其使用方便而命名的。 The basic building block of structure is named because of its convenience of use. 壳体属于面结构，可单向、双向弯曲，或成双曲抛物面的形式。 Shells are surface structures which are curved in one or two directions or are warped as in the hyperbolic paraboloid shell. 结构设计包括确定结构的最佳比例和给定其组成形式。 Structure design includes making sure of the optimal proportion and presetting the composition. 就像拔河比赛一样，双方必须使用相等的力才能保持平衡。 As the game of tug-of-war, in order to keep balance, both sides should employ the same strength. 建筑师们协调并整合工程设计，这是一个应用数学和科学原理并考虑材料和形式的创造性工作。 The architects harmonize and coordinate the engineering design, which is a kind of creative work that applying math and scientific principles and considering the materials used and form. 土木工程是一门旨在对自然和人类建筑环境进行设计、建造和维护的专门学科，这种建筑环境包括桥梁、道路、河渠、堤坝、建筑等。 Civil engineering is a specialized subject aims at designing, building and maintaining nature and human building surroundings, which consists of bridge, road, canal, dam, building, etc. 在大多数情况下，桥的高度和长度仅由预计河流的最大流量以及必须的净过水孔数决定。 In the majority of cases the height an