unit12词性转换.docVIP

词性转换 两个不同的语系，在语言的表达方式上存在着很大的差异。如果在翻译过程中，把英语句子中的词性、句式照搬过来，则汉语译文会变成外国腔，使读者不易理解或无法理解。使译文不通顺不流畅且带有明显的欧化语言，其中一个主要原因就是不善于应用词性转换和句子成分转换的翻译方法。这种方法不仅指词性的改变，而且还包括词性作用的改变和句子词序的改变。如原文中的名词可以转换成译文中的动词，原文中的介词可以转换成译文中的动词等等，反之亦然[1]。例如： 例1．The growing awareness by millions of Africans of their extremely poor and backward living conditions has prompted them to take resolute measures and create new ones．cision to give up a promising business career and study music． 由于英汉两种语言表达方式不同，不应当机械地按英语原文词性译作汉语中同一词性，把名词译成名词，把动词译成动词等等。为了确切表达原文的内容，就必须改变英语的语言形式．因此．在翻译过程中，词性转换是必然的，又是普遍的。 翻译不是字对字的单纯转换。要使译文在译语语境中符合译语规范，充分传达实现译文预期功能所需的原语信息，通常需要根据英语的语言特点，进行词性之间的转换。词性转换：例6．The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its performance． 例7．The expansion of the steam in the cylinder causes some of the steam to condense．英语中有些后缀-er或-or的名词，如teacher，smoker，thinker，translator等等，有时在句中并不指出其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，往往可译成动词。如：I am not a smoker．我不抽烟。又如：In the early 1600’s，the Hollanders were great farmers．某种意识、情感或愿望、想法等心理状态。，译成汉语时常可转换为动词。 常见的有： 与思维和知觉相关的形容词：aware, conscious, certain, sure, mindful, ignorant, alert等； 与情感相关的形容词：glad, pleased, cautious, careful, angry, happy, exhilarated, excited, confident, thankful, grateful, concerned, eager, afraid, doubtful, sorry等； 与欲望相关的形容词：desirous, hopeful, anxious, keen, enthusiastic, zealous等。 I am anxious about his health. 例12．Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life．(adj.→v.) 例13．They are quite content with the data obtaiof this type of transistor amplifier? B. 形容词与定冠词连用，表示一类人或物，汉译时转换为名词。英语形容词转换为名词，有两种情况：根据全句意义或在形容词前加定冠词。形容词前加定冠词转变为名词，一般作复数名词。 例28． After careful treatment the deaf have recovered their hearing． 例29．They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 副词转换 A. 有些英语中的副词用作表语或宾语补足语，往往译作汉语中的动词。 例21．Their experiment has been over． 例22．Have the oiling of the parts through before the machine is operated． 例23．After careful investigation they found the design behind． 例24．The oil in the tank has been up． B. 在翻译过程中，由于动词变为名词，原来修饰动词