青岛理工大学 电磁场与电磁波1.pptVIP

LOGO 第八章 平面电磁波（ Plane Electromagnetic Waves ） 主 要 内 容 理想介质中的平面波、平面波极化特性、平面边界上的正投射、任意方向传播的平面波的表示、平面边界上的斜投射、各向异性介质中的平面波 1. Wave Equations（波动方程） In infinite, linear, homogeneous, isotropic media, a time-varying electromagnetic field satisfies the following equations: which are called inhomogeneous（非齐次） wave equations,and where is the impressed source. In a region without impressed source, J = 0. If the medium is a perfect dielectric, then, ? = 0 . In this case, the conduction current is zero, and ? = 0. The above equation becomes Which are called homogeneous wave equations. To investigate the propagation of plane waves, we first solve the homogeneous wave equations. The relationship between the charge density ? (r, t) and the conduction current is For a sinusoidal electromagnetic field, the above equation becomes which are called homogeneous vector Helmholtz equations, and here In rectangular coordinate system, we have which are called homogeneous scalar Helmholtz equations. All of these equations have the same form, and the solutions are similar. In a rectangular coordinate system, if the field depends on one variable only, the field cannot have a component along the axis of this variable. If the field is related to the variable z only, we can show Since the field is independent of the variables x and y, we have Due to , from the above equations we obtain Considering Substituting that into Helmholtz equations: We find 2. Plane Waves in Perfect Dielectric In a region without impressed source in a perfect dielectric, a sinusoidal electromagnetic field satisfies the following homogeneous vector Helmholtz equation If the electric field intensity E is related to the variable z only, and independent of the variables x and y, then the electric field has no z-component. Let , then the magnetic field intensit