中考专项：形容词和副词14.docVIP

形容词的构成和基本用法 一．构成:1.本身就是形容词: big thin fat hot wet fit red 等 2.加后缀构成形容词: 名词 构成方法 形容词 例词 表天气 +y cloudy rainy windy snowy sunny foggy ( lucky noisy healthy ) 表方位 +ern eastern ,western ,southern, northern +ful careful , useful , hopeful , helpful successful , beautiful , colourful , wonderful, cheerful , forgetful , thankful, harmful, 表否定 +less careless, useless, hopeless, helpless, homeless, endless harmless, sleepless +en wooden , woolen +ly friendly , lovely , lively , lonely ,daily 表大洲 国家 +n Asian European American Australian Canadian +able comfortable knowledgeable reasonable (合理的) enjoyable +al personal, national ,natural ,medical +ed +ing interested excited surprised interesting exciting surprising 二:用来修饰名词或代词，用以说明人或事物的特征 作定语: adj+名词，不定代词+adj French is a difficult language . There is nothing interesting in today’s newspaper . 作表语：放在系动词 (be, become, get, turn, keep, seem, look, sound, taste, smell, feel)后. 只能作表语的形容词有：ill ,asleep , awake , alone ,alike , afraid , sure ,well(身体好) I’m feeling well . Don’t make so much noise . The boy is asleep . He has been ill for several days . 作宾语补足语 ★ make us happy ；keep our classroom clean ；find it hard ；think it easy 4) else 只能作后置定语,放在疑问代词 who, what ,whom 和不定代词nothing，nobody…之后 ★What else do you want ? ★There is nothing else in that classroom . 副词的构成和用法 一．副词的构成： (一)．在形容词末尾+ly,变为副词 1. 在形容词末尾直接加ly: sadly ,slowly ,badly ,carefully ，really ，quickly loudly ，widely ，quietly， safely， politely， strongly ,successfully 2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i+ly happy →happily ; healthy → healthily; easy →easily, angry → angrily ; lucky→luckily ; heavy →heavily 3.特殊记忆：true →truly ;terrible→terribly; possible→ possibly; good→ well (二)．有些形容词与副词形式相同： early late high far fast hard pretty 二．副词的基本用法： 1.副词修饰形容词或副词表程度( so ,very ,too ,really , enough , quite , rather , pretty ,) It’s really nice of you