桃花扇结局再.docVIP

桃花扇结局再探 摘 要 “桃花扇底送南朝”。孔尚任在历史传奇本《桃花扇》中“借离合之情，写兴亡之感”，以侯方域、李香君的离合之情为中心线索，旨在展开南明一代的兴亡历史。前者是表，后者是里；前者是艺术媒介，后者才是艺术意蕴。《桃花扇》在写南明的灭亡的同时，又对清朝统治者有所启示。传奇本《桃花扇》是部启示录的作品。作者孔尚任借助高超的戏剧结构和别致的创作手法以侯方域、李香君“双双入道”作为结局, 在戏剧史上有突破“大团圆”结局俗套的功绩。而这种结局正好反映着孔尚任晚年的人生归宿由儒向道的思想转化。文章重在通过探究其写作手法和写作意图表现其结局的高明之处。 关键词 历史传奇本《桃花扇》；写作手法；写作意图；双双入道；?结局；思想转化 Abstract Peach blossom fan sent southern dynasty at the end. Kong Shang-rens historical legend of the peach blossom fan by clutch of love, wrote the rise and fall of a sense of Hou fangyu, feeling of Li Xiangjun clutch-centric clues, seeks to expand the history of the rise and fall of the Ming generation. The former is a table, the latter is; the first is an art medium, which is the meaning of art. The peach blossom fan writing nanming while the demise of, and inspiration to the rulers of the Qing dynasty. Legend of the peach blossom fan is the revelations of the Ministry of works. Author of Kong shangren with superb dramatic structure and fancy writing techniques to Hou fangyu, Li Xiangjun both to become a monk as an outcome, a breakthrough in the history of drama happy outcome of conventional feat. This outcome reflects the life goal of Kong Shang-rens later years by the ideological transformation of Confucianism to Taoism. By exploring its writing in articles and the genius of writing intended to demonstrate its outcome. Keywords Historical Legend of the Peach; writing techniques; intention of writing; both humanely; end; ideological transformation 绪论 《桃花扇》问世后，就引起了学界的高度重视，当时为其序跋题辞、“投诗赠歌”者，“充盈箧笥，美且不胜收矣”。仅仅是孔尚任自己在康熙四十七年刻印《桃花扇》时，就收有序、后序各1，跋文8，题辞10人74首。统计当时大家对《桃花扇》的这些品评，其中虽然有揄扬过甚之词，但也有很多值得可取的词语，从他们批评趣向看，主要有四个方面。其一就有对《桃花扇》结局的看法。顾彩认为《桃花扇》不过是孔尚任遣闷传奇之文，故以“传奇”之眼视之，遂不满结局生旦双双入道之笔，以致在其改作《南桃花扇》中令生旦当场团圆，“以快观者之目”[1]。清后期至民国初的京剧、桂剧、越剧、扬剧、评剧等剧种，都有《桃花扇》的改编本。抗日战争爆发时著名剧作家欧阳予倩从抗日的政治要求出发，以史为鉴，借古讽今，将清传奇改编成京剧，后来又改编成三幕九场的话剧本，结尾是侯方域降清，李香君撕扇后抑郁而亡。而20世纪60年代初中央实验话剧院重演该话剧，按该话剧改编的电影《桃花扇》也相继问世。这两件事引发了一场规模浩大、唇枪舌剑的争论，在当时影响很大。20世纪70年代末至80年代初，学者们重新评价了《桃花扇》及其结局，这一旷世奇作终得以正本清源[2]。 回到