第2章第1节船舶的.ppt

第二章 船舶与船舶物权;一、船舶的界定;（一）船舶的概念;什么是海商法中的船舶？;我国规定;构成我国船舶的要件;排除对象;讨论问题;在《海商法》“船舶碰撞”和“海难救助”两章中，船舶的内涵进行了扩大。《海商法》第165条与第172条规定，“船舶”是指《海商法》第3条所称船舶和与其发生碰撞或者救助关系的任何其他非用于军事的或者政府公务的船艇，即扩大适用于内河船和20总吨以下的小型船艇，但不包括用于军事的或者政府公务的船艇。 ;（二）船舶的种类和吨位术语;Introduction to Vessels;A common way to categorize ships and boats is based on their use, as described by Paulet and Presles. This system includes military ships, commercial vessels, fishing boats, pleasure craft and competitive boats. ;Commercial vesselsCommercial vessels or merchant ships can be divided into three broad categories: cargo ships, passenger ships, and special-purpose ships. Cargo ships transport dry and liquid cargo. Dry cargo can be transported in bulk by bulk carriers, packed directly onto a general cargo ship in break-bulk, packed in shipping containers as aboard a container ship, or driven aboard as in roll-on roll-off ships. Liquid cargo is generally carried in bulk aboard tankers, such as oil tankers, chemical tankers and LNG tankers. ;Passenger ships range in size from small river ferries to giant cruise ships. This type of vessel includes ferries, which move passengers and vehicles on short trips; ocean liners, which carry passengers on one-way trips; and cruise ships, which typically transport passengers on round-trip voyages promoting leisure activities onboard and in the ports they visit. Special-purpose vessels are not used for transport but are designed to perform other specific tasks. Examples include tugboats, pilot boats, rescue boats, cable ships, research vessels, survey vessels, and ice breakers.;Military vesselsThere are many types of naval vessels currently and through history. Modern naval vessels can be broken down into three categories: warships, submarines, and support and auxiliary vessels. Fishing vesselsFishing vessels are a subset of commercial vessels, but generally small in size and often subject to different regulations and classification. They can be categorized by several criteria: architec