syntax资料.pptVIP

Leave the book on the shelf Leave the book on the shelf * Its problems (胡修订P127) A. At the beginning, some advocators insisted on binary divisions. Any construction will be cut into two parts. But this is not always true. old men and women , leave the book on the shelf. B. Construction with discontinuous constituents will pose technical problems for tree diagrams in IC analysis. Who do you love? C. The most serious problem is that there are structural ambiguities which can not be revealed by IC analysis. The love of God * Demonstrate the structures of the following sentences by using IC Analysis. The boy ate the apple. She is an English history teacher. I saw her on the bus. Business executives eat at really fancy restaurant. * 7. The Generative approach Originated with American linguist Noam Chomsky Transformational-generative Grammar (TG grammar) Syntactic Structures (1957) Marked the beginning of the Chomskyan Revolution * Transformational-generative grammar is a theory of grammar proposed by the American linguist Chomsky in his book Syntactic Structures (1957). The primary goal of TG grammar is to explain, with a system of rules, the knowledge which a native speaker of a language uses in forming grammatical sentences, and the ultimate goal is to provide a universal grammar for the description of all languages. 这一理论主要包括三个部分：句法部分(syntactic component)、语音部分(phonological component)和语义部分(semantic component) * 发展阶段 经典理论（1950s）建立了生成语法的概念，以及短语结构规则和转换的概念。 标准理论（1960s）确立了与转换相关的深层结构和表层结构，并且为了限制生成不合形式的句子，在深层结构中引入了语义成分。 扩展的标准理论（1970s）提出表层结构决定了语义解释，并且引入了语迹理论。 管辖和约束理论（1980s），也称作原则与参数理论，引入了规则和规范的概念，包括X-语杠理论，θ理论，格理论，约束理论，移位理论。 最简方案（1990s及以后），核心假设是应该用最少的理论和描写工具对语法进行描写。 7.1 Why do we need TG grammar? 1) While IC analysis was capable of demonstrating some of the relationships in English sentence patterns, it provided no basis for the analysis of the difference between sentences whose patterns were the same but the relationships