On limits of wireless communications in a fading environment when using multiple antennas-英文文献.pdfVIP

Wireless Personal Communications 6: 311–335, 1998. c 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. On Limits of Wireless Communications in a Fading Environment when Using Multiple Antennas G.J. FOSCHINI and M.J. GANS Lucent Technologies, Bell Labs. Innovations, Crawford Hill Laboratory – R137, 791 Holmdel-Keyport Road, Holmdel, New Jersey 07733-0400, U.S.A. Abstract. This paper is motivated by the need for fundamental understanding of ultimate limits of bandwidth efficient delivery of higher bit-rates in digital wireless communications and to also begin to look into how these limits might be approached. We examine exploitation of multi-element array (MEA) technology, that is processing the spatial dimension (not just the time dimension) to improve wireless capacities in certain applications. Specifically, we present some basic information theory results that promise great advantages of using MEAs in wireless LANs and building to building wireless communication links. We explore the important case when the channel characteristic is not available at the transmitter but the receiver knows (tracks) the characteristic which is subject to Rayleigh fading. Fixing the overall transmitted power, we express the capacity offered by MEA technology and we see how the capacity scales with increasing SNR for a large but practical number, n , of antenna elements at both transmitter and receiver. We investigate the case of independent Rayleigh faded paths between antenna elements and find that with high probability extraordinary capacity is available. Compared to the baseline n = 1 case, which by Shannon’s classical formula scales as one more bit/cycle for every 3 dB of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increase, remarkably with MEAs, the scaling is almost like n more bits/cycle for each 3 dB increase in SNR. To illustrate how great this capacity is, even for small n , take the