语言学课件sound.pptVIP

Speech Sound Phonetics: the study of individual speech sounds that occur in all human languages (secondary level of sound structure of duality). Phonology: the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language (primary level of sound structure of duality). Verbal Communication Production (encoding) Transmission Perception (decoding) Production (encoding) Articulatory phonetics Transmission Acoustic phonetics Perception (decoding) Auditory phonetics Articulatory phonetics refers to the study of speech sounds from the speaker’s point of view, i.e., how a speaker uses his speech organs to articulate the sounds. Acoustic phonetics studies the way sounds travel by looking at the sound waves, the physical means by which sounds are transmitted through the air from one person to another. Auditory phonetics refers to the study of speech sounds from the hearer’s point of view, i.e. how the sounds are perceived by the hearer. Production of Speech Sound How natural sounds are encoded? 1. vocal fold (voiceless, voicing, glottal) 2. soft palate (nasal sound, oral sound) 3. tongue (front, central , back) 4. lip (rounded, unrounded) transcription Trans-, script (scrib), -tion Transcend,超越, 超出 transfuse ,输血, 输液 transverse ,横贯的, 横断的 transform 变形 transparent 透明的transsexual 变性者 transmute 变形transgress越界, 违法 transmit传输, 传播 transplant移植, 移种 translate 翻译 b [b] or /b/ i [i] or /i/ Transcription Broad transcription: letter-symbol Narrow transcription: letter-symbol with diacritics Broad transcription refers to the transcription of speech sounds with letter-symbols only. It is normally used in dictionaries and teaching textbooks for general purposes. Narrow transcription refers to the transcription of speech sounds with letter-symbols togethe