发动机气缸盖螺栓密封圈密封性有限元计算与试验研究要点.docVIP

发动机气缸盖螺栓密封圈密封性有限元计算与试验研究 李利平 （华南理工大学广州学院 510288） 摘要：针对发动机气缸盖螺栓密封圈的密封性能，运用有限元理论与ABAQUS分析计算软件建立了某乘用车发动机气缸盖螺栓密封圈与缸体装配体的有限元计算模型。对密封圈在装配状态下的密封性能与Von.Mises应力进行了仿真计算，结果表明该密封圈满足密封性与强度设计要求，具有足够的安全裕度。对密封圈进行了静态面压试验，试验结果与仿真计算结果吻合较好，验证了有限元数值方法的合理性。探讨了密封圈与缸体的摩擦因数与密封介质压力对密封性能的影响。计算分析表明：密封圈与缸体的摩擦因数对密封性能影响较小；接触面上的最大接触压力随着密封介质压力的增大而增大，密封性能随之增强。 关键词：气缸盖螺栓密封圈；密封性；Von.Mises应力；静态面压试验 Finite element analysis and test research on seal ring for an engine cylinder head bolts Li Liping (Guangzhou College of South China University of Technology，Guangzhou 510，China Abstracts: Based on finite element theory and ABAQUS software, a finite element discrete model of seal ring-cylinder assembly for a passenger car engine cylinder head bolts was built. The sealing performance and Von.Mises were calculated, the simulation results testified that the sealing ring meet the conditions of sealing ring-designing in sealing performance and strength, the sealing performance has enough safety margin. Static surface pressure test was conducted. The results proved that the finite element simulation model is correct by making a comparison between the simulation results and test results. Some factors influencing maximum contact pressure and Von.Mises of sealing face were taken into account, such as friction coefficient between seal ring and cylinder as well as media pressure. The results indicate that with the increase of media pressure, the sealing performance improved significantly. The friction coefficient have a little influence on sealing performance. Key words: cylinder head bolts seal ring; sealing performance; Von.Mises; static surface pressure test1前言 橡胶密封圈结构简单，制造方便，尺寸与弹性稳定性高，在机械密封结构中广泛应用。良好的密封性是保证发动机具有良好动力性与经济性的重要因素之一，气缸盖罩、点火线圈与固定螺栓等部位的密封性能好坏对发动机的运转有着直接或者间接的影响。气缸盖螺栓是发动机壳体连接的关键部件，其对密封性要求较为苛刻，如果螺栓的密封圈设计不合理，密封失效会导致螺栓的腐蚀，降低连接强度，增加断裂风险。螺栓的断裂会导致发动机盖罩与缸体连接失效，导致发动机机体配合与密封失效，造成不可预估的损失。 某乘用车发动机点气缸盖螺栓密封圈安装沟槽如图1所示。气缸盖螺栓密封圈安装在缸盖与机体之间，属于静止式的密封形式。密封圈装入安装沟槽后在轴向受到挤压，在密封界面产生回弹压力，一般称之为初始接触压力。如果初始接触压力大于密封介质压力，即能实现静态无泄露