ChannelDesign要点.ppt

Channel Design River Engineering Stream Restoration Canals References Chapter 12 Stable Channel Design Functions in the HEC-RAS Hydraulic Reference FISRWG (10/1998). Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices. By the Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group (FISRWG) Chapter 4 in Water Resources Engineering by David Chin (2000) Outline Sediment transport Effects Suspended and Bed load Stable unlined channel design Tractive Force method Bed forms Channel forms River Training Stream Restoration Principles Problems of Sediment Transport Impingement of Sediment Particles damage to bridge abutments by boulders huge boulders (up to several tons) can be set in motion by torrential flood flows in mountain streams sand-sized particles damage turbines and pumps Sediment in Suspension fish don’t like muddy water municipal water treatment costs are related to amount of sediment in the water Problems of Sediment Deposition Flood Plain Deposits may bury crops deposition of infertile material (like sand) may reduce fertility Urban areas may receive deposition on streets, railroads, and in buildings Problems of Sediment Deposition channels, waterways, and harbors requires extensive dredging to maintain navigation decrease carrying capacity and thus increase flooding lakes and reservoirs in lakes with no outlets all of the incoming sediment is deposited converts beaches to mud flats fine sediment can encourage prolific plan growth storage capacity is lost by 1973 10% of reservoirs built prior to 1935 in the Great Plain states and the Southeast had lost all usable storage! Sediment Load Mass of sediment carried per unit time by a channel Sediment load is carried by two mechanisms Bed load: grains roll along the bed with occasional jumps primarily course material Suspended load: material maintained in suspension by the _________ of flowing water primarily fine material Suspended Load Sediment suspended by fluid turbulence Concentration can be substant