wind integration studies in the united states 美国风能并网研究.pdf

Wind Integration Studies in the United States 美国风能并网研究 Lisa Schwartz, 丽莎∙施瓦兹, RAP Beijing, China – May 2010 The Regulatory Assistance Project China ♦EU ♦India ♦United States US Transmission Interconnections 美国输电互连电网 2 美国研究要点 Grids can accommodate  电网可通过以下措施提 high levels of wind and 高风能与太阳能发电接 solar generation with: 入水平： – Large operating systems, – 大的运行系统，平衡地区或 balancing areas or markets 市场 – State-of-art forecasting – 最新预测科技 – Flexible generation, demand – 弹性发电、需求响应以及相 response and pricing strategies 应的电价鼓励策略 that encourage both – 新的操作策略 – New operating strategies – 充足的输电 – Adequate transmission – 需求侧资源、发电与输电综 – Integrated planning for 合规划 demand-side resources, generation and transmission 3 Key Points From US Studies 美国研究要点 Plug-in electric vehicles 充电式电动汽车与需求 and demand response can 响应可以帮助整合风能： help integrate wind – 外接充电式电油混合动力 – Night charging of PHEVs 汽车在夜间充电，时间与 coincides with high levels 风能高峰时期重合。 of wind production – 需求响应根据风能水平增 – Demand response increases 加或减少负荷 or decreases loads 美国之外 according to wind levels – 西班牙、德国、丹麦风能 Beyond US 渗透率高，但没有智能电 – High wind penetration in 网。 Spain, Germany, Denmark without smart grids