Lecture 5 代词.pptVIP

Lecture 5Pronouns 代词 Pronouns are closed-class words with nominal function. English has a developed pronoun system, comprising personal pronouns (人称代词), possessive pronouns (物主代词), reflexive pronouns (反身代词), reciprocal pronouns (相互代词), demonstrative pronouns (指示代词), interrogative pronouns (疑问代词), relative pronouns (关系代词), and indefinite pronouns (不定代词). The present lecture will deal with the concord of pronouns (and corresponding determiners) with their antecedents in number, gender and person. 1.代词及其先行项的“数”的一致 1）先行项为every-, some- 等复合词时代词的选择 先行项为everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, someone, somebody等复合代词时，代词以及相应的限定词通常按照语法一致原则用单数形式。如： Anybody can attend the meeting if he is interested. 2）先行项为某些并列结构时代词的选择 当先行项为某些并列结构时，一般由该并列结构的单、复数意义来决定代词以及相应限定词的单、复数。如： My friend and roommate has agreed to lend me his car. My friend and my roommate have agreed to lend me their cars. 3）先行项为某些集体名词时代词的选择 应根据随后的代词以及相应的限定词依该集体名词的意义而定。如： The team has won its first game. The team are now on the floor taking their shots at the basket. 4）先行项为“复数名词或代词+each”时代词的选择 先行项为复数名词或代词作句子主语并带有each作同位语时，如果each出现在动词之前，随后的人称代词或相应的限定词用复数；如果each位于动词之后，随后的人称代词或相应的限定词用单数。如： They each had their problems. They had each his problem. 2. Pronoun concord in gender Gender is a grammatical category. Unlike some European language such as German, French and Russian that have a complicated gender system, the English language is not marked with any gender distinctions except for some pronouns. These gender distinctions are largely restricted to the third person singular of personal, possessive, and reflexive pronouns and corresponding determiners. English nouns have four genders: the masculine, feminine, neuter, and common gender. Ex. 8B Choose between HE (HIM,HIS,HIMSELF), SHE (HER, HERSELF, HERS) and IT(ITS, ITSELF) to fill in the blanks and supply two alternatives wherever possible: 1. After ________ weighed anchor, the ship slipped out of the harbour. 2. A tall figure was moving stealthi