第六讲 词的语义分类.ppt

Oct.19, 2010 Review What are the five semantic changes? And give one example for each. Semantic Classification Preview What are main Semantic Classification types? Hyponymy Semantic field describes a set of words grouped in a certain way. It was introduced in 1931 by the German linguist Jost Trier. Semantic Field (陆：112) Hyponymy /??????????/ Hyponymy entails the inclusion of one labeled class in another, structured by the semantic relation of “kind of”. Classroom exercise (陆：130) Part Ⅰ Part Ⅱ Synonymy /?????????/ Definition: The sameness or close similarity of meaning. Synonym Origins British English vs. American English Antonymy /`????????/ Definition: the oppositeness of meaning. Classroom exercise North / South Above / Below Vacant / Occupied Expensive/Cheap Doctor / Patient Wide / Narrow Poor / Rich On/Off Application Oyxmoron（矛盾修饰法） Examples: Living death Bittersweet Visible darkness Open secret A thunderous silence Homonymy /?????????/ Definition: The words (differing in meaning) + (the same in sound or spelling, or both) Lexical ambiguity A family of three tomatoes were walking downtown one day when the little baby tomato started lagging behind. The big father tomato walks back to the baby tomato, stomps(践踏) on her, squashing(挤) her into a red paste, and says, Ketchup! Thank You! * * Generalization Specialization Elevation Degradation Transference Chen Qianfeng Qianjiang College, Hangzhou Normal University Hyponymy Synonymy Antonymy Homonymy lamb ewe ram maple ash oak pine sheep dog wolf tiger flower shrub tree bush animal plant living Superordinate: tree Hyponyms: pine, oak, ash, maple Co-hyponyms / ????????/ A1 A2 Synonyms /`???????/ (Palmer: 1981:88) ascend mount rise interrogate question ask conflagration flame fire abdomen stomach belly consecrated sacred Holy Latin French Native Word Length Formality Illustration autumn fall lift elevator flat apartment luggage baggage sofa couch lend loan ring call ill sick railway railroad fi