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Population Genetics 群体遗传 Human Origins mtDNA——夏娃(Eve) Y chromosome——亚当 (Adam) Biological Evolution Human diversity Overviews Medical population genetics mainly studies the behavior of gene in human population, including the estimation of gene frequencies and heterozygote frequencies(杂合子频率). --Broad sense population(广义群体): all persons (6 billions) in the world. --Narrow sense population(狭义群体): Mendel population in some areas. Medical population genetics F1：DD x dd ~Dd (Dominant) F2：Dd x Dd 3/4 will be DD/Dd (Dominant) The frequency of D gene in population ↑？While d gene ↓？With the death of dd affected, d gene will disappear from the population ？ Topics The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Application of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Factors affecting the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium Inbreeding coefficient The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Hardy G.H. was an English mathematician and Weinberg W. was a German physician. In 1908, they developed independently a mathematical model. They made the following assumptions: The genotypes could be distinguished unequivocally, meaning that the frequencies of the phenotypes were the same as those of the genotypes. No mutation, no selection, and no migration. Random mating at the same time in a population of infinite size. Evidence of the H-W law Assume one locus with two alleles: A and a, the former being dominant and the latter being recessive. Let the relative frequencies of the two alleles be p and q respectively. As there are only two alleles, p + q = 1. Then the sperms produced by the male population a