英概名词解释的.docVIP

British commonwealth 英联邦 British commonwealth is an intergovernmental organisation of fifty-three independent member states. The member states cooperate within a framework of common values and goals . The Commonwealth is not a political union,. its members states have full autonomy（自治权） to manage their own internal and external affairs. The King or Queen of Britain is considered the head of the commonwealth. Reformation 宗教改革 Reformation was the series of events in 16th-century England. The immediate cause for the Riligious reformation was king henry Ⅷ’s attempt to divorse his first wife, Catherine（凯萨琳） Hentry Ⅷ started the Reformation movement by declaring a break with Rome. In 1534 he issued the Act of Supremacy, and declared himself to be the “only supreme head of the church of England”. The Reformation was in essence a political movement in a religious guise.（伪装） Act of supremacy 至尊法案 In 1534 King Henry VIII issued the Act of Supremacy, and declared himself to be the “only supreme head of the church of England”. it was made clear that Parliament was not granting the King the title but rather it was stated as a recognized fact. In the Act of Supremacy, Henry abandoned Rome completely. He then went on to found a new church called Ecclesia（教堂） Anglicana. He appointed himself and his successors as the supreme rulers of this new church. Bank holiday 银行日 A bank holiday is a public holiday in the United Kingdom. There is no automatic right to time off(休假) on these days. The first official bank holidays were the four days named in the Bank Holidays Act 1871. The very first Bank Holiday began in 1871 when banker(银行家) Henry James Earl（伯爵）, decided to take the first Monday in May off work, closing his bank to the public. Gunpowder plot 火药阴谋 the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was a failed assassination（暗杀） attempt against King James I. The plan was to blow up（爆发） the House of Lords during the State Opening of Parliament on 5 November 1605. The plot was reveale