不同覆盖方式对烤烟生长发育及产质量影响.doc

不同覆盖方式对烤烟生长发育及产质量影响量；品质 中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2017）07-0010-02 Effects of Different Mulching Modes on Growth，Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco LI Li-hua 1 LI Jian-fen 2 MIAO Pu 1 MA Jun-hong 1 YE Hong-chao 1 ZHAO Shi-min 1 JIANG Kai 1 WANG Wei 2 （1 Luoyang Branch，Henan Tobacco Company，Luoyang Henan 471000； 2 Ruyang Branch，Luoyang Tobacco Company） Abstract In order to improve the quality of tobacco leaf and economic benefit，the experiment was carried out to compare effects of different mulching modes on tobacco.The results showed that straw mulching could enhance tobacco soil moisture and increase soil moisture capacity，so as to improve the coordination of chemical composition of tobacco leaf，increase the content of potassium in tobacco leaf，increase the yield，output value，average price and the proportion of superior tobacco.At the same time，the results showed that plastic mulching could effectively promote the rapid growth of tobacco plant，output value，average price and the proportion of superior tobacco increased slightly，but the soil temperature was higher，and because of no fresh organic supplement，the internal chemical composition of tobacco leaf was not harmonious. Generally speaking，straw mulching is better than plastic mulching. Key words mulching mode；flue-cured tobacco；growth；character；yield；quality 烟草生长发育对环境条件的反应比较敏感，覆盖栽培可以改变田间小气候，影响烟株的生长发育[1]。地膜覆盖具有提高烟叶产量和质量、减轻烟草病虫害、促进烟株前期生长、保蓄土壤水分和肥料、提高地温等多种作用[2-4]，但也存在成本较高、污染环境等问题[5]。有研究发现，地膜覆盖能严重降低土壤有机质含量、加剧土壤有机质的分解，盖膜烟株根系发育不良，烤后烟叶油分不足、颜色较浅[6]。秸秆覆盖和秸秆还田成本低，取材容易，田间操作方便，回收无污染，具有保墒蓄水、改土增肥、减少水土流失的作用[7]；魏洪武等[8]通过实施秸秆覆盖，与地膜覆盖相比，平均产量减少了1.87%，但产值平均增加12.73%；产量较露地栽培平均增加7.76%，产值平均增加20.07%。为进一步探讨地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖对豫西烟区烟叶生产的作用，进行了不同覆盖方式对烤烟生长发育和产量与品质的影响试验 1 材料与方法 1.1 试验地概况 试验于2014年在汝阳县进行，地块经度112°23′06″，纬度34°11′52″，海拔为538.2 m。试验地土壤质地为壤土，前茬作物为红薯，土壤pH值为8.0，速效氮含量54.8 mg/kg，速效磷含量12.4 mg/kg，速效钾含量135.7 mg/kg，有机质含量9.6 g/kg 1.2 试验设计 试验共设4个处理，分别为移栽前垄上垄间全部覆盖秸秆（A）；移栽时垄上覆盖地膜，垄间覆盖秸秆（B）；移栽时垄上地膜覆盖（C）；不做任何覆盖即