局解课件总结（副本）.docVIP

脊柱区 Muscles of Back Superficial group Trapezius 斜方肌 Latissimus dorsi 背阔肌 Levator scapulae 肩胛提肌 Rhomboideus 菱形肌 Deep group Splenius 夹肌 Erector spinae 竖脊肌 Triangle of auscultation 听诊三角(肩胛旁三角)Boundaries Latissimus dorsi Trapezius The medial border of the scapula Inferior lumbar triangle 腰下三角 Boundaries Lower part of the lateral margin of latissimus dorsi Posterior free border of the obliquus externus abdominis Iliac crest Superior lumbar triangle腰上三角 Boundaries Serratus posterior inferior Erector spinae Obliquus internus abdomins 上肢 Cephalic vein 头静脉 Arises from the lateral side of the dorsal venous rete on the back of hand Winds around the lateral border of the forearm; it then ascends into the cubital fossa and up the front of the arm on the lateral side of the biceps. It continues up in the deltopectoral groove and then to the infraclavicular fossa, where it pierces clavipectoral fascia to drain into axillary vein. Basilic vein 贵要静脉 Arises from the medial side of the dorsal venous rete of hand Winds around the medial border of the forearm Then ascends into the cubital fossa and up the front of the arm on the medial side of the biceps to middle of the arm where it pierces the deep fascia and joins the brachial vein or axillary vein Median cubital vein 肘正中静脉 Links cephalic vein and basilic vein in the cubital fossa It is a frequent site for venipuncture to remove a sample of blood or add fluid to the blood Axillary fossa 腋窝 Boundaries Apex Middle 1/3 of clavicle Lateral border of first rib Upper border of the scapula Base Skin Superficial fascia Axillary fascia 腋筋膜(cribriform fascia 筛状筋膜) The medial wall Serratus anterior Upper four ribs and intercostal spaces The lateral wall Intertubercular groove Long head and short head of biceps brachii Coracobrachialis The anterior wall Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Subclavius Clavipectoral fascia 锁胸筋膜 The posterior wall Subscapularis Teres major Latissimus dorsi Scapula Contents Axillary a. and principal branc