渐进改革与人力资产(国外英语资料).docVIP

渐进改革与人力资产(国外英语资料) Gradual reform and human capital 2006-4-12 11:24 Since the reform and opening up in 1978, fundamental changes have taken place in every aspect of Chinas society, and it has undoubtedly entered the annals of world modernization. According to the world bank, the British in the early industrialization of per capita income doubled the time spent 58 years (1780 - 1838); the United States spent 47 years (1839-1883 years); Japan spent 34 years to settle (1885 - 1919); Brazil took 18 years (1961 - 1979) in South Korea; in 11 years (1966 - 1977); Chinese in 10 years (1977 - 1987) (World Bank, 1991), significantly more than the United Kingdom and the United States, Japan and other countries when per capita income growth rate, has become one of the worlds fastest growing economy. Compared with the market economy transition countries such as Russia, the conditions for Chinas early reform are far from that of russia. If the Chinese in 1978 compared with 1990 Russias transition to a market economy conditions in the early stage of economic development first, Chinese real per capita income level is much lower than the level of Russia, according to the World Bank (1996), GDP PPP (Chinese per capita real purchasing power parity) dollar value of $1000 (in 1990 dollars), Russia $6440, 6.4 times the equivalent of Chinese GDP per capita level; second, Chinese rural population is much higher than the level of Russias China, 82%, and 26% in Russia, is a very high degree of city modernization of the country; third, Chinese agricultural labor employment is much higher than the proportion of the total population of Russia, Chinese 71%, Russia 13%, also China facing the agricultural surplus labor force to solve the problem of growing large; fourth, Chinese conditions greatly inferior to human resources In Russia, China adult illiteracy rate of 31% (1982 data), Russia 2%, Chinese 15 years old or above average population cultural degree for 4.6 years (1982), and Russia in more