英语演讲Chapter 10 Using Language.ppt

Chapter 10 Using Language Using Language Accurately Using Language Clearly Using Language Vividly Using Language Inclusively Using Language Using Language Using Language Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. Good speakers know how to use language accurately, clearly, vividly, appropriately, and inclusively. Using Language Accurately Using Language Accurately Using Language Accurately Using LanguageAccurately Using Language Accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately is to an accountant. Every word has that distinguish it from every other word, shades of meaning. As Mark Twain said，“The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug.” Use Familiar Words Use Familiar Words Choose Concrete Words Eliminate Clutter where short, shape ones will do the job better. This is especially true when it comes to technical One of the biggest barriers to clear speech is using big, bloated words language that may be familiar to the speaker but not to the audience. Choose Concrete words Use Familiar Words Choose Concrete Words Eliminate Clutter Concrete words: words that refer to tangible objects E.g.: carrot, pencil, nose...... Few words are completely abstract or concrete. E.g.: Great Wall . Abstract words: words that refer to ideas or concepts E.g.: science, progress, philosophy Choose Concrete words A speech dominated by concrete words will almost always be clearer, most interesting, and easier to recall than one dominated by abstract words. Use Familiar Words Choose Concrete Words Eliminate Clutter Eliminate Clutter Use Familiar Words Choose Concrete Words Eliminate Clutter When you make a speech, keep you language lean and lively. Beware of using several words where one or You can also help eliminate clutter by practicing you speeches with a digital recorder. two will do. Av