电大考试变化中的英语复习重点总结参考资料小抄.docVIP

电大变化中的英语复习重点总结全世界语言 → 4000-5000种 (P7) Dead language → no living speakers (P7) Historical variation → variation over time Regional variation → variation in different places (P15) RP Standard English Network English: Standard English → Written English RP → Received Pronunciation ( Also Southern Educated British English) Network English → Educated American English (P19) Vocabulary change in English (P23-24) 词汇来源：Borrowing(e.g dim sum), Abbreviations(e.g MTR), Translations(e.g dragon boat)(P28-29) 英国语言→ English, Welsh(Wales地区) Gaelic （Scotland地区）( P36) Dialects→ Different ways of speaking the same language Accent → We are talking only about the sounds of the language in some places (P39) Language family: English → Indo-European family(印欧语系) Chinese → Sino-Tibetan family(汉藏语系) P64 英国历史上三次被入侵： 1) BC 1st – AD 5th →Latin- speaking Romans 来自Mediterranean 2)AD 5th - 8th and 9th → Scandinavian斯堪的纳维亚人(Angles盎格鲁人, Saxons撒克逊部族, Jutes朱特族人) invaded Britain 来自North West Europe 3)AD 11th →French-speaking Normans 来自Normandy(P69-70) Standard English: A: Come from → South East B: Reason →. Its importance is matter of culture and history(P75 ) 英语发展过程中历史事件及英语语言本身的发展变化： Time Historical Events Language 11th century Norman conquest of England Norman French brought to England 12th-13th centuries Noranm French rulers in England Morman French as the language of power: Latin for learning and religion; English for common people’s use 14th century Changes in English education Geoffrey Chaucer 1340-1400 English gaining ground among educated people wrote English 1475 Caxton set up printing press in London London English incresingly read and understood A good English dictionary contains about 450,000 separate entries.(P86) Receptive(听读) →You recognize a word and know what it means. Productive（说写）→You can say a word or you can write it. NOTE: 每个人的Receptive knowledge of vocabulary要大于Productive knowledge (P89-90) Prescriptive teaching(说明性教学) →correct students’ mistakes Productive teachi