Chap9应用：国际贸易.pptVIP

应用:国际贸易 Application:International Trade 国际贸易International Trade 什么决定一个国家进口还是出口某一物品？ What determines whether a country imports or exports a good? 国际贸易International Trade 从各国间的自由贸易 中谁受益谁受损？ Who gains and who loses from free trade among countries? 国际贸易International Trade 哪些是人们用以赞成限制贸易的论点？ What are the arguments that people use to advocate trade restrictions? 没有贸易时的均衡 Equilibrium Without Trade 假设Assume: 一个国家与世界隔绝，生产钢铁。 A country is isolated from rest of the world and produces steel. 钢铁市场由该国的买者和卖者组成。 The market for steel consists of the buyers and sellers in the country. 该国中没有任何人被允许进口或出口钢铁。 No one in the country is allowed to import or export steel. 没有贸易时的均衡 Equilibrium Without Trade 没有贸易时的均衡 Equilibrium Without Trade 结果Results: 国内价格调整到需求和供给平衡 Domestic price adjusts to balance demand and supply. 消费者和生产者剩余之和衡量了买者和卖者得到的总利益。 The sum of consumer and producer surplus measures the total benefits that buyers and sellers receive. 世界价格和比较优势World Price and Comparative Advantage 如果该国决定开放国际贸易，它会成为钢铁的进口国还是出口国？ If the country decides to engage in international trade, will it be an importer or exporter of steel? 世界价格和比较优势World Price and Comparative Advantage 比较没有贸易时的某物品的国内价格和该物品的世界价格就可看出自由贸易的结果。 The effects of free trade can be shown by comparing the domestic price of a good without trade and the world price of the good. The world price refers to the prevailing price in the world markets. 一个国家或者是某物品的进口国或者是它的出口国。 A country will either be an exporter or an importer of the good. 世界价格和比较优势World Price and Comparative Advantage 如果一个国家具有比较优势，那么国内价格就低于世界价格，该国就会是这一物品的出口国。 If a country has a comparative advantage, then the domestic price will be below the world price, and the country will be an exporter of the good. 世界价格和比较优势World Price and Comparative Advantage 如果该国不具有比较优势，那么国内价格就高于世界价格，该国就会是这一物品的进口国。 If the country does not have a comparative advantage, then the domestic price will be