胡壮麟语言学Exercise8.pptVIP

Exercises I . Fill in the blanks. 1. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the _____ Principle proposed by J. Grice. Cooperative 2. While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an _____ is concrete and context-dependent. utterance I . Fill in the blanks. 3. A ______ act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology. locutionary 4. _____ were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable. Constatives I . Fill in the blanks. 5. _____ are those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action. Commissives(承诺行为) 6. A _____ act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something. perlocutionary I . Fill in the blanks. 7. _____ are attempts by the speaker to get the hearer to do something. Directives(指示行为) 8. _____ is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. Pragmatics I . Fill in the blanks. 9. _____ were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable. Performatives 10. All the acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose or the same _____ point, but they differ in their strength or force. illocutionary I . Fill in the blanks. 11. The idea of Paul Grice is that in making conversation, the participants must first of all be willing to _____; otherwise it would be impossible for them to go on with the talk. The general principle is called the _____. cooperate; Cooperative Principle 12. The maxim of relation requires that what the conversation participants say must be _____. relevant II. Choose the best answer. 13. _____ found that natural language had its own logic and conclude cooperative principle. A. John Austin B. John Firth C. Paul Grice D. William Jones C II. Choose the best answer. 14. The b