语言学第三组.pptVIP

Iconicity In the Word Level Iconicity In the Sentence level The Origin of Arbitrariness In the 20 century, Saussure the most distinguished scholar of linguistics in the world made the definition that “linguistic signs are arbitrariness.”(1999) In the influence of Saussure, all the teaching books in China adopted his definition about language, “language is a system of arbitrary verbal for human communication.(胡壮麟,1999)， and the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meanings. In the early 1921, Sapir at the same time came up with the definition thatlanguage is almost the system of linguistic signs in the convention.(早在1921年，萨丕尔在《语言》一书中与索绪尔几乎同时提出了语言符号的任意性问题，认为“语言只是声音符号的习惯系统”。) Since the 1970s, Pirece, the American scholar of linguistic signs, put forward the theory of iconicity,from then on many scholars start to pay more attention to the theory of iconicity which becomes a hot topic at the same time. The Origin of Iconicity The concept that language signs is iconicity is raised by Pirece the founder of American pragmatics and semiotics. In his theory , the signs are divided into three types,icon(象似符),index(标记符或指示符),symbol(代码符). On the basis of the general definition, Pierce pointed out that: in each languages syntax, with the principles of the convention, there seems a logical Iconicity.(在索绪尔的影响下，国内几乎所有语言学教科书都把语言定义为：“人类用于交际的任意的有声符号系统”(胡壮麟，1999)，并把语言符号的任意性解释为音义之间没有自然的、直接的、必然的内在联系，即能指和所指的关系是“无理可据”或“非象似性”的。) The definition of iconicity Iconicity as a semiotic notion refers to a natural resemblance or analogy between the form of a sign (‘the signifier’, ) and the object or concept (‘the signified’) it refers to in the world or rather in our perception of the world .语言的象似性是说语言的能指和所指之间,也即语言的形式和内容之间有一种必然的联系, 即两者之间的关系是可以论证的, 是有理据的。 classification Dominant Iconicity（显性象似性 ） sound iconicity （语音象似性） morphology iconicity（词形象似性） etymology iconicity （词源象似性） Latent Iconicity （隐性象似性） sound iconicity =direct ico