生物柴油与生物柴油与矿物柴油调合油基础物性分析研究.docVIP

摘 要 生物柴油是以可再生动植物油脂为原料与低相对分子质量醇类进行酯交换反应生成的长链脂肪酯。生物柴油是指含油植物或动物油脂类生物柴油作为一种无毒、环保、可再生的发动机替代燃料，不仅可以单独使用,还可以与矿物柴油混合使用.因而具有广阔的应用前景。 本论文运用实验研究和理论分析相结合的方法，阐述了大豆油和甲醇在NaOH催化剂作用下进行酯交换反应制取生物柴油的基本原理和操作方法。在自制实验装置上考察了影响酯交换反应转化率和反应产率的各种因素利用正交实验提出了大豆油制取生物柴油的适宜反应条件,即催化剂用量为0.8wt%反应时间为60分钟醇油摩尔比为6比1，在此条件下反应产率最高可达97.97%。 通过对生物柴油及生物柴油与矿物柴油调合油基础物性的分析研究,结果表明,生物柴油较矿物柴油更环保、更安全,但其低温性、蒸发性和雾化性不太理想,将其与矿物柴油调合使用,可以取长补短,发挥各自的优势。生物柴油与矿物柴油调合后调合油的密度和酸值具有加和性闪点、凝点和粘度等物性具有非线性调合的特点。气相色谱分析结果表明生物柴油较矿物柴油的碳数分布更为集中、馏分更窄。将20%的生物柴油兑入矿物柴油所得调合油的碳数分布趋于均匀接近成品柴油的碳数分布特点。因此生物柴油与矿物柴油按4:1的体积比例调合不仅能改善生物柴油馏分窄的缺陷,也能改善柴油质量。 运用实验和正交实验数据检测的法方，对植物油酯交换反应转化率进行了分析对比，来找出各种条件对实验中酯化率的影响。 关键词:生物柴油,酯交换反应,评价方法,大豆油,转化率 Abstract Biodiese refers that recyclable animal or plant oil as feed reacts with alcohol of low molecular weight by transesterification,and then fatty acid eater of lang chain is producted.Biodiesel is regarded that biodiesel from animal or plant oil is used as a kind of non-poisonous,environmental,And recyclable motmr prostituted fuel,which not only is used .Alone,but also can be blended with mineral diesel,therefore it has a extentive prospect. This paper applied the method of theory analysis combining test.In this part,it put emphasis on how to make biodiesel fuel from vegetable oil and methanol with the catalyst of sodium hydroxide the reaction conversion and yield.By orthogonality experiment,it was indicated that the optimal process condition for the transesterifrcation reaction of soybean oil was 1.0wt%(NAOH)of oil,the molar ratio of methanol and vegetable oil at six to one,the reaction tine was 60minutes,the reaction temperature was about 60℃.In this condition,the yield of biodiesel can reach 97.97%. By comparing the property of biodiesel,diesel and the blended oil of biodiesel and diesel,it was showed that biodiesel was more encironmentally feiendly and more security than diesel,but its property of low-temperature,evaporation and atonzation of biodiesel was not ideal,So blending biodiesel and diesel can lear