均匀色散介质.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * In 1948, the gyrator was introduced by Tellegen as a new element, in addition to the resistor, the capacitor, the inductor, and the ideal transformer, for describing a network. Tellegen considered that the model of the medium had elements possessing permanent electric and magnetic dipoles parallel or antiparallel to each other, so that an applied electric field that aligns the electric dipoles simultaneously aligns the magnetic dipoles; and a magnetic field that aligns the magnetic dipoles simultaneously aligns the electric dipoles. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 波包的传播 波包的传播 群速度 已知电磁波在等离子体中的色散关系为 ?2(k) = ?p2 + c2k2 其中 ?p2 = Ne2 / (?0m) 某一个脉冲星向空间发出短而窄的电磁脉冲，测得其中两个脉冲的频率分别为： ?1 = 2563MHz, ?2 = 3833MHz 假定星际电离氢气体的电子密度 N = 105m-3 ，引起这种现象的原因是该气体的色散，问：(a) 哪个频率的脉冲先到？(b) 如果接收到两种脉冲的时间间隔是0.367s，估计脉冲星到地球的距离。 研习问题：估计脉冲星到地球的距离 电介质 电容器 LC传输线 色散关系 波速 课后作业 （上述脉冲星到地球距离问题） 3.6 3.16 3.17 附1：Anisotropic Media(各向异性介质) The constitutive relations for anisotropic media are usually written as D = ? ? E where ? = permittivity tensor B = ? ? H where ? = permeability tensor E is no longer parallel to D, and H is no longer parallel to B. electrically anisotropic: tensor ? and scaler ? magnetically anisotropic: scaler ? and tensor ? Both electrically and magnetically anisotropic: both of ? and ? are tensors 群传播与相传播方向的夹角(P86~87) 基波前 子波前 O M N C M N 波包 nr np A B ? 2?? Crystals Crystals are described in general by symmetric permittivity tensors which can be transformed into a diagonal matrix. The three coordinate axes are referred to as the principal axes of the crystal. ?x = ?y = ?z - isotropic Uniaxial crystal: z is the optical axis ?x ? ?y ? ?z - biaxial crystal Bianisotropic Media Isotropic or anisotropic media become polarized when placed in an electric field and become magnetized when placed in a magnetic field. A bianisotropic medium provides the cross-coupling between the