data representation – chapter 5.ppt

Chapter 5 Chapter 5 Data representation Learning outcomes By the end of this Chapter you will be able to: Explain how integers are represented in computers using: Unsigned, signed magnitude, excess, and two’s complement notations Explain how fractional numbers are represented in computers Floating point notation (IEEE 754 single format) Calculate the decimal value represented by a binary sequence in: Unsigned, signed notation, excess, two’s complement, and the IEEE 754 notations. Explain how characters are represented in computers E.g. using ASCII and Unicode Explain how colours, images, sound and movies are represented Additional Reading Essential Reading Stalling (2003): Chapter 9 Further Reading Brookshear (2003): Chapter 1.4 - 1.7 Burrell (2004): Chapter 2 Schneider and Gersting (2004): Chapter 4.2 Introduction In Chapter 3 How information is stored in the main memory, magnetic memory, and optical memory In Chapter 4: We studied how information is processed in computers How the CPU executes instructions In Chapter 5 We will be looking at how data is represented in computers Integer and fractional number representation Characters, colours and sounds representation Binary numbers Binary number is simply a number comprised of only 0s and 1s. Computers use binary numbers because its easy for them to communicate using electrical current -- 0 is off, 1 is on. You can express any base 10 (our number system -- where each digit is between 0 and 9) with binary numbers. The need to translate decimal number to binary and binary to decimal. There are many ways in representing decimal number in binary numbers. (later) How does the binary system work? It is just like any other system In decimal system the base is 10 We have 10 possible values 0-9 In binary system the base is 2 We have only two possible values 0 or 1. The same as in any base, 0 digit has non contribution, where 1’s has contribution which depends at there position. Example 3040510 = 3