The Simple Analytics of the Environmental Kuznets Curve：（环境库兹涅茨曲线的简单分析）.pdfVIP

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The Simple Analytics of the Environmental Kuznets Curve：（环境库兹涅茨曲线的简单分析）.pdf

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The Simple Analytics of the Environmental Kuznets Curve：（环境库兹涅茨曲线的简单分析）

Journal of Public Economics 80 (2001) 269–286 www.elsevier.nl/locate/econbase The simple analytics of the environmental Kuznets curve a b , * James Andreoni , Arik Levinson a University of Wisconsin, Madison, Economics Department, Madison, WI 53706, USA b Georgetown University, Economics Department, Washington, DC 20057, USA Received 1 July 1999; accepted 1 February 2000 Abstract Evidence suggests that some pollutants follow an inverse-U-shaped pattern relative to countries’ incomes, a relationship that has been called an ‘environmental Kuznets curve’. We present a simple and straight-forward static model of the microfoundations of this relationship, in which the curve depends on increasing returns in the technological link between consumption of a desired good and abatement of its undesirable byproduct. The curve does not depend on the dynamics of growth, political institutions, or even externalities, and can be consistent with market failure or efﬁciency. We conclude by presenting empirical support for increasing returns to abating some common air pollutants.  2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords : Environmental Kuznets curve; Economic growth; Pollution JEL classiﬁcation : Q2; D62; H23 1. Introduction Evidence suggests that some pollutants follow an inverse-U-shaped pattern 1 relative to countries’ incomes. Due to its similarity to the time-series pattern of *Corresponding author. Tel.: 1-202-