American_Social_Movements in the 1960s美国社会问题概要1.ppt

American Social Movements of the 1960s and Its Social Problems Social Movement A social movement is a type of behavior in which a large number of participants consciously attempts to change existing institutions and establish a new order of life. All social movements have two basic characteristics: “ Structure and Spontaneity.” The Civil Right Movement The American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968) refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring suffrage in Southern states. The Jim Crow Laws Jim Crow was a character in an old song who was revived by a white comedian called Daddy Rice. Rice used the character to make fun of black people and the way that they spoke. The term Jim Crow came to be used as an insult against black people. ? In a bid to stop black Americans from being equal, the southern states passed a series of laws known as Jim Crow laws which discriminated against blacks and made sure that they were segregated (treated unequally) from whites. ? ? Because of Jim Crow Laws-? Blacks were excluded form all newspapers and from trading. Negroes gradually lost jobs in government, which they gained after the Civil War. Whites owned the land, the police, the government, the courtrooms, the law, the armed forces, and the press. The political system denied blacks the right to vote. Murders were conducted in secret and in public by white men. The blacks were harassed and abused, physically and verbally. These violent acts became a part of their life. Signs were put up to separate facilities saying whites only and colored or Negroes appearing on parks, toilets, waiting rooms, theatres, and water fountains. Ku Klux Klan Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is the name of several past and present secret domestic militant organizations in the United States, originating in the southern states, that are best known for advocating white supremacy and acting as terrorists while