CH3Thermodynamic Properties of Fluids流体热力学性质概要1.pptVIP

CH 3 Thermodynamic Properties of Fluids Our initial purpose : to develop the fundamental property relations from the first and second laws. 2.Discuss : diagrams and tables Calculation: H,S-----f(P,V,T and heat-capacity data) 1 Derive equations 3.Finally, we develop generalized correlations which provide estimates of property values in the absence of complete experimental information. Property values are presented for convenient use. 3.1 PROPERTY RELATIONS FOR HOMOGENEOUS PHASES The first law for a closed system of n moles is: For the special case of a reversible process, where U,S , and V are molar values of the internal energy, entropy, and volume. Together these three equations give: （3.1） B.The system may consist of a single phase (a homogeneous system), or it may be made up of several phases (a heterogeneous system); it may be chemically inert, or it may undergo chemical reaction. TO BE NOTICED: The only requirements are that the system be closed and that the change occur between equilibrium states. This equation is derived for the special case of a reversible process. However, it contains only properties of the system: (1)Properties depend on state alone, and not on the kind of process that leads to the state. Therefore, A.Eq. (3.1) is not restricted in application to reversible processes. It applies to any process in a system of constant mass that results in a differential change from one equilibrium state to another. Additional thermodynamic properties arise only by definition in relation to these primary properties. definition For n moles: Differentiation gives: When is replaced by Eq.（3.1）, this reduces to Similarly, To one mole (or to a unit mass) of a homogeneous fluid of constant composition. For this case, they simplify to: These fundamental property relations are general equations for a homogeneous fluid of constant composition. (constant composition,ni) 3.2 Maxwell’s equations Application of the criterion of exactness