胡壮麟语言学教程课件Part8.pdfVIP

Chapter 5 Meaning Semantics: the study of the meaning of linguistic units, words and sentences in particular. 5.1 Meanings of “meaning” 7 types of meaning(Leech): 1. Conceptual meaning: Logical, cognitive, or denotative content Associate meaning: 2. Connotative meaning:What is communicated by virtue of what language refers to. 3. Social meaning:What is communicated of the social circumstances of language use. 4. Affective meaning: What is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer. 5. Reflected meaning: What is communicated through association with another sense of the same expression. 6. Collocative meaning: What is communicated through association with words which tend to occur in the environment of another word. 7. Thematic meaning : What is communicated by the way in which the message is organized in terms of order and emphasis. -Connotation and denotation 5.2 The referential theory -The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the referential theory. -Semantic triangle(Ogden and Richards): concept word thing -Sense and reference 5.3 Sense relations Sense: the semantic relations between one word and another, or more generally between one linguistic unit and another. 3 kinds of sense relations: 1) Sameness relationSynonymy 2) Oppositeness relationAntonymy 3) Inclusiveness relationHyponymy 5.3.1 Synonymy 1) Differ in style: buy and purchase 2) Differ in connotations: thrifty, economical and stingy 3) Dialectual difference: autumn and fall, flat and apartment, underground and tube 5.3.2 Antonymy 1) Gradable an