第六讲非谓语动词.docxVIP

第六讲 非谓语动词总说：概念：不能在句中单独做谓语的动词形式，在句中起名词、形容词或副词作用。2. 时态和语态：非谓语的时态和语态是相对的，要选择正确的非谓语形式，必须找准参照物，牢记一句口诀：___________________________________。3. 分类: to do，v-ing和v-ed。4. 否定形式：在非谓语标志性的单词前加not,即在to, v-ing或v-ed前面加not。二、不定式：㈠不定式的时态：参照物是_____________，须比较二者的_______关系。①一般式to do:表示的动作和谓语动词动作_________或发生在谓语动词动作_______。e.g. He decided to go with us.I hope to see you next week.②进行式to be doing: 表示的动作和谓语动词动作__________。e.g.?The boy pretended to be working hard.?He seems to be reading in his room.③完成式to have done: 表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作_______。e.g.I’m sorry to have interrupted you.比较该句和I’m sorry to interrupt you.的区别：㈡不定式的语态：参照物是___________，须比较二者的________关系。e.g. a. The library __________ next year is very beautiful. (build)b. The room seems ___________________ already. (tidy up)注：①在easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, interesting等形容词后的不定式由于往往能补充出for sb.（即动作的发出者）,所以通常使用主动形式：e.g. a. The water is not fit to drink.b. The chair is comfortable to sit on. c. The problem is difficult to deal with.②某些动词的不定式作表语，需用主动形式表被动含义：e.g. a. Parents are to blame if their children do not have good manners. b. The house is to let. ㈢不定式的句法功能：动词不定式除了不能单独作谓语外，几乎能充当句子中所有的句子成分。1.做主语，起名词的作用：e.g.a. To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.　 b. To lose heart means failure.①动词不定式(短语)作主语时，常用it代替它作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：　 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.　 It means failure to lose heart.②不定式和动名词做主语的区别: 动名词做主语往往表示抽象的、一般的行为或动作，时间概念不强；不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为或动作。e.g.a. Doing sports is good for people’s health. b. To do too much exercise is not good for him as he has a heart illness.c. 比较like doing/like to do, prefer doing/prefer to do的区别：2.不定式作表语：(1)表示主语的具体内容。a. His wish is to become a scientist.b. The duty of a postman is to deliver letters and newspapers.注意：主语部分有实义动词do 时，表语中可以省略to。What he did first was (to) walk up to his friend and hug him. (2)“be to do”还可以表示不同的情态意义。a. Children are not to smoke. (禁止)b. They are to marry next week. (安排)c. You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed. (决心或愿望) d. Man is to live a b