虚拟语气 2课时.ppt

虚拟语气  ( Subjunctive Mood ) 语气是动词的一种形式。它表示说话者对所指的动词或状态所持的态度,而且在谓语动词上有所体现。语气分三种:陈述语气;祈使语气;虚拟语气。 1. 陈述语气多见于大多数句子里, 用来陈述事实或就事实提出询问, 广泛用于陈述句和疑问句中。 He could swim, but he didn’t jump into the water to save the boy. 2. 祈使语气仅用于祈使句中，表示说话人向对方提出请求，劝告或命令。 Shut the window before leaving. 3. 虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或与事实相反的假设等。 If I were a bird, I should fly in the sky. 一．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用 二．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用 三. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用 四. 虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的 使用 五. 虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用 六. 虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用 七. 虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的使用 八. 虚拟语气表祝愿或愿望 一．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用 如果假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可能发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。 1．与现在的事实相反的假设的动词形式 从句：过去式（be只用were） 主句：would(should/ could / might)+动词原形 If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. If he came here, he might be able to help you. 高考例题 1） (1984年高考) If there were no subjunctive mood, English____ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 答案: D 2．与过去的事实相反的假设的动词形式 从句：had + p.p. 主句：would(should/ could / might)+have + p.p. She should have gone to the party if she had been invited. If she hadn’t called me, I should have overslept this morning. 2） (1993年高考) If he _______, he _____ that food. Luckily, he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have warned; had not taken 答案: B 3．与将来的事实相反的假设的动词形式 从句：过去式或should / were to+动词原形 主句：would(should/ could / might)+动词原形 If I were to be 20 years old next year, I should take the course of computer science. If it should fail, I would try again. What would happen if the earth stopped turning? 3） If he ___________ tomorrow, he would find Mr. Wang in the office. A. comes B. will come C. should come D. come 答案: C 注：1。在if引导的非真实条件句中，if可以省略，但是需要倒装（从句位于主句前） If he had been warned, he would not have taken that food. =Had