(位移传感器专业英语）solar_cells.pdf

Solar cell A solar cell is a device that converts the energy of sunlight directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Sometimes the term solar cell is reserved for devices intended specifically to capture energy from sunlight such as solar panels and solar cells, while the term photovoltaic cell is used when the light source is unspecified. Assemblies of cells are used to make solar panels, solar modules, or photovoltaic arrays. Photovoltaics is the field of technology and research related to the application of solar cells in producing electricity for practical use. The energy generated this way is an example of solar energy (also known as solar power). Contents  1 History of solar cells  2 Applications and implementations  3 Theory o 3.1 Simple explanation o 3.2 Photogeneration of charge carriers o 3.3 Charge carrier separation o 3.4 The p-n junction o 3.5 Connection to an external load o 3.6 Equivalent circuit of a solar cell  3.6.1 Characteristic equation  Open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current  Effect of physical size  Cell temperature  Series resistance  Shunt resistance  Reverse saturation current  Ideality factor  4 Solar cell efficiency factors o 4.1 Energy conversion efficiency o 4.2 Thermodynamic efficiency limit o 4.3 Quantum efficiency o 4.4 Maximum-power point o 4.5 Fill factor o 4.6 Comparison of energy conversion efficiencies  4.6.1 Solar c