专四语法名词的数概要1.pptVIP

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专四语法名词的数概要1

名词和名词词组 湖南科技学院外语系 名词分类 按构词法 简单名词 (Simple Noun) 复合名词(Compound Noun) 派生名词(Derivative Noun) 按词汇意义 普通名词(Common Noun): 个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词 专有名词(Proper Noun) 按语法特征 可数名词(Count/Countable Noun) 不可数名词(Non-count/Uncountable Noun) 名词词组的句法功能 名词词组的结构模式 (限定词)+(前置修饰语)+名词 +(后置修饰语) a most lovely little boy whose mother is a doctor some crisp, tasty, red apples I just bought for Christmas 名词词组的用法(除谓语外的各种成分) Children at play seldom remember what time it is. My grandfather died a martyr to his revolutionary ideal. They selected him chairman of the board. Mr Brown, director of the coal mine, should be responsible for the accident. Within the house nothing stirs. In the garden I can hear the singing of birds. I can hear the rustle of their wings. He returned last night. A photo is taken each time (= whenever) this button is pushed. 名词的数 (Singular Number, Plural Number) 规则复数与不规则复数 规则复数:在单数名词后加-s/-es 不规则复数:通过内部元音变换或其他方式(少数名词和外来词) 集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词的数 规则复数 大部分名词:加词尾-s 以-s, -x, -sh, -ch, -z结尾的名词:加词尾-es 以-y 结尾的名词: 加词尾-s/-es 以o结尾的名词: 加词尾-s/-es 以-f/-fe结尾的名词: 加词尾-s/-es 大部分名词:加词尾-s 在/p/, /t/, /k/, /f/ 等轻辅音后读/s/: maps, books, boats, roofs 在/b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /l/, /m/ 等浊辅音和元音后读/z/: verbs, birds, dogs, boys, seas, hills 在/s/, /z/, /?/, /d? /, /t? / 等辅音后读/iz/: roses, places, houses, bridges, colleges, faces 以-th结尾的名词加词尾-s: 长元音之后读/ez /: baths, mouths, paths, laths 短元音或辅音之后(包括-rth)读/θs /: months, moths, berths 少数/ez / 或/θs /皆可:youths, oaths, sheaths, truths 以-s, -x, -sh, -ch, -z结尾的名词: 加词尾-es, 读作/iz/: gases classes boxes buzzes churches benches 以-y 结尾的名词: 以辅音+ y 结尾的:变-y为-i, 再加-es, 读/iz/: parties, ladies, universities, spies, skies, factories 以-quy 结尾的名词:变-y为-i, 再加-es , 读/z/: soliloquy--soliloquies 以- y 结尾的专有名词:加词尾-s, 读/z/: Marys, Germanys 以元音+ y 结尾的名词:加词尾-s, 读/z/: rays, boys, days, joys, plays, toys 以o结尾的名词: 以元音/元音字母+o(包括oo)结尾的名词:加词尾-s, 读/z/: radios, portfolios, studios

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