乙酸正丁酯的合成概要1.pptVIP

* Preparation of n-Butyl Acetate （乙酸正丁酯的合成） n-Butyl acetate, also known as butyl ethanoate, is an organic compound commonly used as a solvent in the production of lacquers（油漆、涂料） and other products. It is a colorless flammable liquid. Butyl acetate is found in many types of fruit, where along with other chemicals it imparts characteristic flavors and has a sweet smell of banana or apple. It is used as a synthetic fruit flavoring in foods such as candy, ice cream, cheeses, and baked goods. The other three isomers of butyl acetate are: isobutyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate, and sec-butyl acetate. 1. Purpose 1.1 Study the principle and method of preparing n-Butyl acetate by direct esterification（酯化）of acetic acid and n-butyl alcohol（butanol）。 1.2 Master the experimental techniques of distillation，extraction and reflux with a water separator（分水器）. 2. Principle Butyl acetates are commonly manufactured by the Fischer esterification of a butanol isomer and acetic acid with the presence of catalytic amount of concentrated sulfuric acid under reflux conditions. Fischer esterification or Fischer–Speier esterification is a special type of esterification by refluxing a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction was first described by Emil Fischer and Arthur Speier in 1895. Reaction mechanism (反应机理) is shown below： ①Proton transfer from acid catalyst to carbonyl oxygen increases electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon. ②The carbonyl carbon is then attacked by the nucleophilic oxygen atom of the alcohol. ③Proton transfer from the oxonium ion(氧鎓离子) to a second molecule of the alcohol gives an activated complex. ④Protonation of one of the hydroxyl groups of the activated complex gives a new oxonium ion. ⑤Loss of water from this oxonium ion and subsequent deprotonation gives the ester. 3. Apparatus and materials 3.1 Apparatus The reaction can proceed smoothly by azeotropic（共沸） removal of the water formed in the reaction. Fig. Typical apparatus for