博士学术写作概要1.ppt

Academic Writing A research paper (RP) is used to tell the readers WHAT you did ,WHY you did it, (Introduction), HOW you did it (Methods), WHAT you have found (Results) and WHAT it means (Discussion). Unit One : An Overview of Effective writing Part A: steps to successful writing of a research paper Part B: the style of academic writing Objectivity: Helping students know the five steps of writing a research paper successfully and the style of academic writing. Part A: steps to successful writing of a research paper Steps to successful writing: Step1. Preparation: choosing a topic Step2. Research: collecting information and evaluating information Step3. Organization: organizing ideas with the ways of developing paragraphs and working out an outline Step4. Writing the first draft Step5. Revision: revising the draft and finalizing it. Step 1: choosing a topic Some suggestions for choosing a topic: 1. Choosing a topic that interests you and attracts the others’ attention. 2. Choosing a topic on which you can find sufficient materials and develop further by offering something original. 3. Choosing a topic that is neither too general nor too narrow. e.g. US Foreign Policy —— Bush’s China Policy —— Bush’s China Policy in Economy Elizabethan’s Drama ——Shakespeare’s Tragedies ——Hamlet ——On Hamlet’s Insanity 4. Choosing a scientific topic that has practical value: coming from practice and back to practice. 5. Choosing a topic that is manageable and feasible. 6. Choosing a topic that has universal meaning and can be used to guide some common problems. Step Two : Finding and Evaluating Materials Finding materials: locating and gathering the most promising material sources Evaluating materials: evaluating then to determine which ones are useful, eliminating those that are out of date, unreliable, or that lead away from the topic You should begin collecting the necessary information the moment you start your resea