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* 访问动作 Now that we can traverse, we need to add actions while traversing that have state spelling, hyphenation, … Could augment the Iterator classes… …but that would reduce their reusability Could augment the Glyph classes… …but will need to change Glyph classes for each new analysis Will need to encapsulate the analysis in a separate object * Visitor defines action(s) at each step of traversal avoids wiring action(s) into Glyphs iterator calls glyph’s accept(Visitor) at each node accept() calls back on visitor (a form of “static polymorphism” based on method overloading by type) void Character::accept (Visitor v) { v.visit (*this); } class Visitor { public: virtual void visit (Character ); virtual void visit (Rectangle ); virtual void visit (Row ); // etc. for all relevant Glyph subclasses}; * Actions in Iterators Iterator will carry the analysis object along with it as it iterates. The analyzer will accumulate state. e.g., characters for a spell check * Avoiding Downcasts How can the analysis object distinguish different kinds of Glyphs without resorting to switch statements and downcasts. e.g., avoid: public class SpellingChecker extends … { public void check(Glyph g) { if( g instanceof CharacterGlyph ) { CharacterGlyph cg = (CharacterGlyph)g; // analyze the character } else if( g instanceof RowGlyph ) { rowGlyph rg = (RowGlyph)g; // prepare to analyze the child glyphs } else … } } * Accepting Visitors public abstract class Glyph { public abstract void accept(Visitor v); … } public class CharacterGlyph extends Glyph { public void accept(Visitor v) { v.visitCharacterGlyph(this); } … } * Visitor Subclasses public abstract class Visitor { public void visitCharacterGlyph(CharacterGlyph cg) { /* do nothing */ } public abstract void visitRowGlyph(RowGlyph rg); { /* do nothing */ } … } public class Spelling
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